Keynote : Proposal to Create an ICOMOS Interdisciplinary Team to Study the Stability of Stone and Earthen Structures of Architectural Heritage

Abstract eng:
The list of different ways to combine brittle materials like stone and earth in order to build composite constructions is manifold. Because of their stability and in order to simplify the scope of our first steps, we focus this contribution on the specific issues connected with the wall, a mayor structural element. Walls transmit vertical and horizontal loads from the roof to the foundation and are used to cover and shelter rooms from the outdoor weather. The structural behaviour of a composite stone-earth wall depends on several situations. Several questions need to be addressed: - For vertical loads: is it a stone masonry with mud mortars? Is it a mud wall cladded with stone tiles or covered with stone masonry with mud mortars, is it exposed to incident rain, wind and weather? - For horizontal or dynamic loads: it is a retaining wall of stone masonry to support a sandy massive soil? Or is it a cover facade of clayey massive soil? The members of ICOMOS International Scientific Committees (ISC), ISCS and ISCEAH are specialized in the field of stone or earthen constructions It is recommended that both ISCs, form a special interdisciplinary sub-committee to study and develop deeper understanding of the structural behaviour of this large amount of historic constructions. Many objects and sites of the oldest architectural heritage were built with composite material involving the use of the two more or less accessible materials. It is proposed to include also other ISC´s such as ISCARSAH and CIPA in the formation of the interdisciplinary team of the envisaged sub-committee. This contribution presents some case studies from Greece, Peru and other countries with the aim to explain that often apparent stony archaeological sites consist of earthen material as a critical responsible for the structural stability.

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