Adhesion of lime based mortars to old tiles - Moisture content of tiles

Abstract eng:
Glazed ceramic tiled façades are a cultural, architectural and social heritage that has to be protected in order to continue to have these history marks of our ancestors. We can find many of these elements in Portuguese buildings in urgent need of maintenance and conservation. All the elements of the tiled façade; Sustaining walls, mortar(s) and tiles are relevant to perform a good conservation intervention. It is verified that some mortars are losing their properties and some tiles are detaching from the wall. There is a need to study some new mortars, compatible with the originals for reapplication of the detached old tiles and of some replicas when the old tiles aren’t in good conditions. The purpose of this work is to study the mechanism of tile/mortar adhesion, aiming at developing lime based compatible mortars for reapplication of old tiles, varying the moisture content of the tile. Six different compositions of mortars with different aggregate grain size and binder/aggregate (b/a) ratios were used in applications on new dry and prewetted tiles with similar absorption characteristics as old tiles. An increase of kneading water and the use of finer grain size aggregates lead to higher values of penetration of the mortar in the tiles’ porous structure, resulting in higher adhesion.The moisture content of tiles has a great influence in mortars adhesion: the wetted tiles provide a stronger tile/mortar connection.

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