000002345 001__ 2345
000002345 005__ 20141118153436.0
000002345 04107 $$acze
000002345 046__ $$k2013-09-11
000002345 100__ $$aLindqvist, J. E.
000002345 24500 $$aThe development of binders and mortars in Sweden

000002345 24630 $$n3.$$pProceedings of the 3rd Historic Mortars Conference HMC13
000002345 260__ $$bGlasgow : University of the West of Scotland, 2013
000002345 506__ $$arestricted
000002345 520__ $$2eng$$aMasonry with mortar joints and renderings were introduced in Sweden with the integration into the Catholic Church in the 11th and 12th century. The binders used were air lime to sub-hydraulic limes and in some cases hydraulic limes. The impurities give the mortars a greyish and light ochre colours. It was only on the island Gotland were limestone that could be used for production of bright white pure limes occurs. These types of binders were dominant until the 19 th century. From the seventeenth century there is a difference in the development of mortars for use in water constructions compared to those used for building on land. Dutch engineers were involved in several important canal projects as well as the establishment of the city of Gothenburg in the 17th century. In the 18th century with the introduction of the mercantile economic theory it became important to handle also these constructions with national resources. Sweden aimed for mortars based of burned oil shale ash as artificial pozzolans. These were introduced in the 1770s and used until the early 20th century. These types of mortars were also to some extent used for masonry houses and military constructions. In the 19th century there was an increase of the built volume, requiring a faster and more industrial building process. This promoted an increased use of pozzolanic and hydraulic binders, not least Portland cement. In the late 19th early 20th centuries a wide variety of binders from pure air lime to highly hydraulic were used for house building.

000002345 540__ $$aText je chráněný podle autorského zákona č. 121/2000 Sb.
000002345 653__ $$aMortars, binder, Sweden.

000002345 7112_ $$a3rd Historic Mortars Conference$$cGlasgow, Scotland (UK)$$d2013-09-11 / 2013-09-14$$gHMC13
000002345 720__ $$aLindqvist, J. E.$$iJohansson, S.
000002345 8560_ $$ffischerc@itam.cas.cz
000002345 8564_ $$s429070$$uhttp://invenio.itam.cas.cz/record/2345/files/Lindqvist - The development of binders and mortars in Sweden.pdf$$y
             Original version of the author's contribution as presented on CD, .
            
000002345 962__ $$r2223
000002345 980__ $$aPAPER