A multidisciplinary approach for the investigation and the repair of decayed mortars and stucco, the Hermas of Guerrieri Palace in Mantova

Abstract eng:
The GuerrieriPalace, now the Palazzo di Giustizia, built in 1550 is an important historical construction in the city of Mantova (Italy). Very characteristic is its tall main façade subdivided into two parts: the lowest one made in ashlars with frequent openings, the highest one bearing a large number of built-in grooved pilasters surmounted by gigantic hermas (carved busts originally representing Hermes). The hermas were built with “stucco”, a mixture based on hydrated lime and gypsum, applied in various layers to the supporting structure. The Palace and hence the façade were repaired on a number of occasions (from1915 to 1937, in 1961 and 1980); unfortunately non-compatible materials were used and the repairs appear to have been damaged by the environment more quickly than the original parts. The various types of degradation were closely observed and surveyed on site through visual investigations, and with boroscopy. The most important decay phenomena were studied in the laboratory by chemical, optical and scanning electron microscope investigations. Before working locally on the pilaster and the hermas, a series of preliminary measures were carried out. The careful cleaning operation concerned the elimination of the deposits of pigeon guano on all the façade. The operation was also carried out on all the stone elements of the façade, made of a finely worked Verona limestone. Finally the hermas were repaired.

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