Design and development of a small scale lime kiln for production of custom-made lime binder

Abstract eng:
A small scale lime kiln was designed and built in order to evaluate production of historic lime binders. The kiln does not copy any specific historic model. It is designed to simulate variety of “traditional” lime calcination procedures. The kiln is a small vertical shaft for a single batch production designed to operate in two basic modes. One is representing lime burning in a pot or flare kiln where a vault or dome is built from limestone above a firing space and wood logs are put on fire till the limestone is fully converted to lime. The other mode is representing lime burning in intermittently fired vertical shaft kilns where limestone is mixed with fuel (coal or wood) and once lit it is left until the fuel burns through. The construction of the kiln is presented in details. The prototype is equipped with sensors and the burning process is monitored by a set of thermocouples in three levels, air flow on the air inlet and composition of emissions (CO, CO2 and O2). The obtained data are used for assessment of the whole burning process and its optimisation. The paper presents data about experimental burnings of air lime in the flare kiln mode and summaries experience regarding the operation of the kiln. First data regarding the assessment of the small scale production of lime binders for specific needs of cultural heritage conservation and restoration projects are discussed.

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