Analysis of the Start of Evacuation By People Inside a Building During the 2014 Iquique Earthquake Tsunami

Abstract eng:
The past historical tsunamis have killed many people, who were not able to or did not evacuate from the calamity. This study aims to reveal the relationship between the first actions caused by an earthquake and the tsunami evacuation. People in a building generally try to protect themselves against falling objects during strong earthquake shaking. Accordingly, some of them try to exit the building in fear of building collapse. This study uses interviews, security footages, and an evacuation simulation to analyze thousands of people, who stayed in the shopping center, “Mall ZOFRI”, in Iquique, Chile during the 2014 off Iquique earthquake and tsunami. The results reveal a close relationship between them. We cannot discuss tsunami evacuation in the case, where many people in a building escaped outdoors, without considering the first actions caused by the earthquake. Their relationship can be discussed from three aspects: (1) how the reality outdoors of imminent emergency was, which prompted the need for the start of the tsunami evacuation; (2) how much of the percentage of people, who escaped outdoors, was needed to start the tsunami evacuation or go back indoors; and (3) can people who went back indoors start the tsunami evacuation or not.

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