Hybrid Simulation in Combination With Highly Complex and Non-Linear Numerical Models for Seismic Protection of Antique Column Structures

Abstract eng:
Hybrid simulation is a novel technique in which a numerical model is connected online with an experimental specimen, also called substructure, in the laboratory. So far the complexity of the models used has been limited small scale models coupled with not more than a couple of substructures either numerical or experimental, simultaneously. The use of the Subfeed algorithm, an advanced hybrid simulation scheme that has been applied in a wide variety of applications not only in the civil engineering field but also in aerospace, allows increasing the size of the numerical models to a couple of thousands degrees of freedom even for real-time applications due to its parallel capabilities and exact treatment of experimental and numerical substructures. The key success of this algorithm is that it does not require any numerical model in order to predict the behaviour of the experimental specimen and proceed with the time integration. This paper presents a study on the behaviour of this hybrid simulation algorithm when used together with a highly non-linear specimen, a 1:3 scale column replica of the temple of Neptune in Paestum (World Heritage Site) at the laboratory of the University of Kassel (Germany), and a complex and highly non-linear model of the temple. The 36 columns in the perimeter of the temple are modelled as a soft “engineer model” that will serve as a backbone. A node, with 6-Degrees of Freedom (DOF), will be placed at the centre of mass of each stone drum, echinus, abacus and architrave. This results, considering an average of 6 drums per column, in approximately 2000 DOFs. Between each of these DOFs, a threedimensional non-linear constitutive law that describes the mechanics between stone blocks is placed and treated as a numerical substructure.

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