A Study of Tsunami Evacuation To Tall Buildings in the Coastal Area of Cold Region in Hokkaido, Japan


Abstract eng:
A lot of governments in Japan updated the tsunami hazard map since the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake. Kushiro City is located in the coastal area of cold region in the eastern Hokkaido, northern Japan. The city is predicted severe tsunami disaster. Kushiro City Government formulated a new tsunami evacuation plan in August 2013. The hazard map shows the area with flood depth and a lot of evacuation buildings specified by the government. However, there are other tall buildings in the flood area. Therefore, this study discusses evacuation planning from tsunami disasters at the lowlying area in Kushiro City by using existing tall buildings as temporary refuges. We performed on-site investigation by using geographical survey to find tall buildings available as temporary refuges. And we estimate the evacuation range of each tall building. We consider two types of the evacuation ranges calculated from such as walking speed and evacuation time, or capacity of buildings and density of population. We make a map of the coverage area of evacuation by using GIS analysis. The result shows that rates of the coverage area of evacuation are different to districts in the city. Serviceability of refuges is influenced by damage to buildings due to seismic ground motion. We estimate the damage to the buildings using a fragility function. In the worst case, the coverage area of evacuation decreases significantly because of the damage to tall buildings. In snowy and cold district in winter, the tsunami evacuation range decreases because of the decrease of walking speed and impossibility to stay outdoors. If it is possible that the early evacuation and more people take in temporary refuges, the evacuation range increases significantly. Therefore, we estimate the effects of escape time on the evacuation range. The result shows that it is difficult to evacuate by the early evacuation only in some districts. Therefore, temporary refuges need to be constructed in such district.

Contributors:
Conference Title:
Conference Title:
16th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering
Conference Venue:
Santiago (CL)
Conference Dates:
2017-01-09 / 2017-01-13
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 Record created 2017-01-18, last modified 2017-01-18


Original version of the author's contribution as presented on USB, paper 2777.:
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