Vulnerability Estimates of Earthquake Damaged Water Supply Systems

Abstract eng:
A method to assess performance of damaged water- distribution networks is presented. The method estimates residual serviceability of water- supply networks under seismic damage. The presented hydraulic analysis takes in account the effect of the negative pressures that do develop in these networks. Several measures are developed for evaluating this serviceability. The measures are random variables dependent on uncertain parameters such as seismic intensity, network damage state, and water demand. The determination of the measures involves hydraulic analyses of water- supply networks in various damage states. A new algorithm is developed for the hydraulic analysis of damaged water supply networks. The algorithm eliminates the portions of the network that have negative pressures, and predicts the available flow and pressure at the demand nodes. The hydraulic analysis also accounts for the dependence of C-factors, an internal pipe roughness on the pipe diameter. This dependence is validated by fire flow tests performed for the Auxiliary Water Supply System in San Francisco - AWSS. The serviceability measures and the proposed algorithm for hydraulic analysis are applied to AWSS to evaluate seismic vulnerability. Numerical results show that the algorithm for calculating serviceability measures is robust and efficient.

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