A Nonlinear Quadrilateral Layered Membrane and Shell Element With Drilling Dof for the Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Wall Systems

Abstract eng:
Reinforced Concrete (RC) walls are a fundamental part of lateral resisting force system against earthquake and wind loads for tall and mid-rise multi-story buildings. This type of systems provides the necessary stiffness and strength to satisfy the demands produced by strong ground motions. The design and modeling of reinforced concrete wall elements has been an extensive area of research, this is not only due to the complex behavior of the material, and the coupling between axial, moment and shear behavior, but also for the behavior of the wall as a structural element, as was demonstrated during the Chilean Earthquake of February 27, 2010, Mw 8.8. In addition, wall response change depending on the different configuration (sizes, shape), and disposition of the components of the walls (reinforcement, aggregated size, confining of the concrete), and also their location inside of the structural system. In this work, a quadrilateral layered membrane and thin flat shell element with drilling degrees of freedom (DOF) are presented and tested for the nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete walls under static and cycling loads. The membrane and shell element allows to model complex configuration of wall system in 2D and 3D, respectively. The drilling degrees of freedom refer to the incorporation of the in-plane rotation as a degree of freedom at each node of the element. The membrane element consists of a quadrilateral element with a total of 12 DOF, 3 per node, 2 displacements and 1 in-plane rotation, and uses a blended field interpolation for the displacements over the element. In addition, the membrane model is combined with the Discrete Kirchhoff Quadrilateral Element (DKQ, 12 DOF), formulated by Batoz and Tahar in 1982, to generate the shell element, with a total of 24 DOF, 6 per node. The modeling of the section of the membrane and shell element consists of a layered system of fully bonded, smeared steel reinforcement and smeared orthotropic concrete material with the rotating angle formulation. The proposed elements are validated using experimental results of different wall configurations, such as slender walls, T-Shaped walls and walls with irregular disposition of openings, that are available in the literature. It is shown that the proposed elements produce excellent agreement with the experimental results for cyclic loading. The elements are able to predict the maximum capacities (shear, flexural, compression) and global and local behavior for the different wall configurations analyzed in this work.

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