Static Behavior of Chuan-Dou Style Wooden Frames Under Lateral Load

Abstract eng:
The Chuandou wooden frame is an ancient form of Chinese traditional timber structures. Chuandou timber structure has in recent years, together with other wooden frames, been increasingly used structurally in a range of contemporary buildings in many countries. Though current structural study on the mechanical properties under the horizontal load for Chuandou wooden frames, it is lack of on full-scale model tests under lateral load resistance of and theoretical analysis. In the paper, an experimental investigation of static behavior has been completed, including material tests and the full-scale model prototype test under lateral load. Material strength was determined from nine samples of thirty specimens including tensile/ compressive/ shearing strength parallel to grain of wood, tensile/ compressive strength perpendicular to grain of wood, modulus of elasticity in compressive parallel to grain of wood, modulus of elasticity in static bending of wood and bending strength of wood. All specimens were fabricated with fir lumber. The full-scale model prototype test was comprised of the column, Fang, purlin and stone, size about 5.52m wide by 4.4m long, with approximate heights of 6.41 m. The predetermined vertical load was applied at on both sides of the each column top instead of roof weight. The pushover test was carried out using a manual hydraulic jack with a framework composed of two steel bars and steel beams, to ensure model stability and successfully loading. The hydraulic jack had a displacement range of 300mm and was applied at a uniform rate of 2kN/min in the test. The results of the load lateral displacement curves were comprised of overall lateral displacements for frames, in-plane and out-plane lateral displacements at the bottom of columns, pull-up displacements at the bottom of columns, relative angle displacements. In general, the frame tested failed by slipping out of the stone plane in the bottom of columns. However, there was an obvious difference of the deformation for each column, indicating the failure mode is the large slip of columns, along with the overall overturning. The tests show good overall performance and coordination performance due to the tightly coupled structural elements, even if the large deformation. The behavior of wooden frames with mortise-and-tenon joints under lateral load showed the slip stage, elastic stage and strengthening stage, when tangent stiffness of the frame was slowly reduced as the displacement was increased. The failure mode of the frame without wall panels and floors was integral sliding with obvious overturning under static lateral load. Chuandou wooden frame finite element models were established by using the finite element analysis software SAP2000, with the different connection types of nodes. Compared with the test results, the model with semi-rigid and friction isolator units is more reasonable.

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