Analysis of Full-Scale Building Collapse Test Using Fiber Hinge Element Considering Two-Directional Column Deteriorations

Abstract eng:
A full-scale four-story steel building specimen was experimented using the E-Defense shake table in 2007, wherein various increasing scaled ground motions were applied until collapse. As a part of the investigation on the building response, this paper addresses the deterioration of the column subjected to simultaneous biaxial moment and axial force, which caused local buckling, consequent decrease in base shear capacity, and eventual structural collapse. Experimental results show totally different deteriorating patterns of biaxial bending moments among all six columns because their axial force magnitudes differ considerably due to the column locations. Shifting of the principal direction of the biaxial bending moments cycle by cycle also caused the initiating damage of column section in the X direction and consequently reducing the resistant capacity in the Y direction. The evolution of column deterioration is clarified and detailed from these perspectives. The fiber hinge element that consists of fibers discretizing the column cross section is used to simulate the moment deterioration caused by local buckling. The parameters defining the fiber hinge element are determined from the behavior of the cantilever column tested using an identical steel member. The analysis using the fiber hinge element appears to simulate well the two-directional deterioration behavior under complex loading such as compression and tensile axial load applied alternately, additional high frequency axial load caused by vertical accelerations, and shifting of the principal directions of the bending moments cycle by cycle. On the other hand, this study provides further interpretation of the building response in terms of energy, in which the energy input and the dissipation mechanism at the collapse excitation state are evaluated. Although the total accumulated input energies were very similar in both directions, the input energy in the X direction increased gradually, whereas the input energy in the Y direction had a suddenly large instantaneous amount needed to dissipate within a short time by the frame with limited strength due to deterioration, thereby resulting in the rapid translational response and collapse of the first story mainly in the Y direction.

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