Usage of Graf Metrics in the Design of Earthquake Resistant Water Distribution Systems

Abstract eng:
Water distribution systems are one of the critical lifeline systems in urban areas. Past earthquakes have demonstrated that water distribution systems suffered significant damage like buildings. The failure of a water distribution system not only impairs firefighting capacity, but also disrupts residential, commercial, and industrial activities, resulting huge economic losses. System service ratio (serviceability) after earthquake and graph theory based performance indicators are presented herein and calculated for hypothetical water distribution systems. Graphical Iterative Response Analysis for Flow Following Earthquakes (GIRAFFE) computer program was used with EPANET to perform Monte-Carlo probabilistic simulations of the systems. Four different repair rates 0.2, 0.5, 2.0 and 4.0 repairs per kilometer were used in the analysis. These repair rates corresponds to average transient ground deformation, limit value between the transient and permanent ground deformations and two values for permanent ground deformations respectively. Up to 2000 Monte Carlo simulation runs were performed for each hypothetical system. Hypothetical water distribution systems used in this study were derived from the one basic shape but they are different in size and formation. System serviceability is a satisfactory performance indicator to show the performance of the water distribution system after the earthquake but before the earthquake system serviceability of all undamaged systems is equal to 1, so graph theory based system metrics may provide knowledge about the earthquake performance of the water distribution system. Some graph metrics seem to be consistent with serviceability, whereas some of them are dissonant.

• Export as: BibTeX | MARC | MARCXML | DC | EndNote | NLM | RefWorks
• Add to your basket