Resilient Cities. Agenda for the 21st Century.

Abstract eng:
The Earth’s global warming and its multiple negative effects is at present the main concern of mankind. After more than 40 years of fruitless negotiations, on April 22, 2016, a record 171 countries signed a historic agreement to control the emission of Green House Gases (GHGs). The global warming has the worst impact on the biosphere and on the human and asset concentration in cities. The resilient cities initiative (RCI) is ongoing worldwide, and includes a large number of important cities, such as New York, Paris, and Melbourne. But cities located in seismic regions, such as Tokyo, Los Angeles, Santiago de Chile and Lima are adequately including disasters of geological origin, such as earthquake and tsunamis, considered in the multihazard map, base for planning safe cities. It is under this view that Peru’s Sustainable City Programme 1998-2015 is presented. At the end of 1998, when it was necessary to reconstruct the northwest cities of Peru that had been severely affected by El Niño 1997-98, it was found that the inundation maps of El Niño 1997-98 were carbon copies of the El Niño 1982-83. This was the best argument to convince the then Peruvian Prime Minister and at the same time Head of the El Niño Reconstruction Committee- CEREN, as well as the local authorities of the affected cities that the reconstruction of the cities needed to be done based on multihazard maps, which include flooding by El Niño and earthquake effects. From 1998 to 2015, the multihazard map, land-use plan to reduce disasters plus four to eight disasters mitigation profiles were produced for 175 Peruvian cities, that have received important national and international recognition. Early 2015, it was considered that it was the right time to initiate the adaptation of the Peru Sustainable City Programme to Resilient Cities Initiative (RCI). As a case study of adaptation, the city of Sullana has been selected. Lima, the capital city of Peru with 2,819 km2, and a population of 9.45 million people, has a number of disaster reduction investigations. At the same time, to consolidate those studies, the resilient cities initiative model is being applied in the city planning of future Lima. Up to now, the Sustainable City Programme in Peru was focused on the physical safety of cities, considering disasters of geological mainly earthquakes and tsunamis and climatic origin, but now social and economic issues are being included to reduce stress in the residents of the Metropolitan Lima Region. In September 2016 in a working meeting with the mayor of Lima, he decided that general manager of Lima impulse the Lima Resilient Programme.

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