000002916 001__ 2916
000002916 005__ 20141118153415.0
000002916 04107 $$acze
000002916 046__ $$k2010-09-22
000002916 100__ $$aBrandon, C.J.
000002916 24500 $$aHow did the Romans form concrete underwater?

000002916 24630 $$n2.$$pHistoric Mortars and RILEM TC 203-RHM Final Workshop
000002916 260__ $$bRILEM Publications s.a.r.l., 157 rue des Blains F-92220 Bagneux - France
000002916 506__ $$arestricted
000002916 520__ $$2eng$$aThe Roman’s ability to cast hydraulic concrete underwater relied on their skill in being able to construct temporary or permanent formwork in the open sea that could withstand the force of currents and survive being buffeted by waves. The design of the forms frequently followed the description provided by Vitruvius in De Architectura (5.12.3); however, there was a technique that he did not refer to, that being the use of prefabricated floating caissons. It is surprising that Vitruvius made no mention of them as they were widely used. Based on archaeological evidence a new categorisation of Roman formwork designs used in underwater or submerged concrete construction addresses this omission. Three categories are proposed; 1, for in-situ constructed inundated forms for use with hydraulic concrete; 2, in-situ constructed drained forms for use with non-hydraulic concrete; and 3, prefabricated floating forms for use with hydraulic and nonhydraulic concrete.

000002916 540__ $$aText je chráněný podle autorského zákona č. 121/2000 Sb.
000002916 653__ $$a

000002916 7112_ $$a2nd Conference and of the Final Workshop of RILEM TC 203-RHM$$cPrague (CZ)$$d2010-09-22 / 2010-09-24$$gHMC2010
000002916 720__ $$aBrandon, C.J.
000002916 8560_ $$ffischerc@itam.cas.cz
000002916 8564_ $$s305540$$uhttps://invenio.itam.cas.cz/record/2916/files/page_0073.pdf$$y
             Original version of the author's contribution as presented on CD, , page 73.
            
000002916 962__ $$r2907
000002916 980__ $$aPAPER