Historical busts made of cement mortar – methods of examinations and causes of corrosion

Abstract eng:
The aim of the project was to define the causes of damages done to two of thirteen busts made by Jerzy Sobocinski in 1971. The collection belongs to The National Museum in Szreniawa and represents important figures of Polish history, such as Stanislaw Staszic, Marian Czapski and Tadeusz Kosciuszko. The busts are made of cement mortar, which imitates natural stone. The basic damages of the busts are cracks, cavities, joints' defects and leakages of white calcium compounds. The study describes the investigation of properties and structure of artificial stone. Material for analysis was taken by means of chisels and in the form of borehole cores. The steel rods embedded in mortar were localised using electromagnetic induction, gamma-ray and X-ray photographs. Research with the help of active infrared thermography was executed to locate cracks and defects. The laboratory tests included: X-ray fluorescence, IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, DTA, petrographic examination, pH, density, water absorption capacity, capillary suction, open porosity, content of soluble salts such as: chloride, sulphate, magnesium, ammonium and nitrate ions.

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