Rosendale natural cement: reintroduction of an authentic North American historic binder

Abstract eng:
Natural cement was the predominant hydraulic binder used in engineering and architectural construction in the United States in the 19th Century. Produced from argillaceous limestone, typically high in magnesium content, calcined at temperatures below the sintering point, American natural cements were used in the construction of tens of thousands of structures of various types. The town of Rosendale, New York was the most prolific centre for production of natural cements, and its name became synonymous with American natural cements in general. Rosendale cement production was restarted in 2004, to provide authentic in-kind material for use in restoration of historic structures. ASTM Standard C10, Specification for Natural Cement, was reinstated in 2006, and aimed to maintain authenticity of the traditional material. From 2004 to 2009, Rosendale cement was used successfully in more than 100 historic restoration projects in the United States and Canada. Two case studies are used to illustrate the challenges of the material selection process and the ultimate performance of Rosendale natural cement in major historic restorations: The repointing of the south range of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City and the partial reconstruction and repointing of Fort Jefferson, Dry Tortugas National Park in Florida. Testing, analysis and mix designs are reviewed.

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