Types of mortars in wall paintings by the “Older Villach’s Workshop” and their followers (15th Century)

Abstract eng:
An interdisciplinary research on mortars used as the support for wall paintings by the so called “Older Villach’s workshop” and its founder Friedrich of Villach (15th century) has been carried out as a collaboration between Slovenia and Spain. The most important mural cycles of this workshop and some other independent, but related painters were selected in Mariapfarr, Millstatt, St. Gandolf an der Glan, Deutschgriffen, St. Lorenzen bei Sillebrücken, Unterferlach and Feistritz an der Drau, and were compared to the major works made by Friedrich’s son Johannes of Ljubljana (Janez Ljubljanski) and those by anonymous Masters in Selo near Žirovnica, Veliki otok near Postojna, Srednja vas near Šenčur and in Žirovnica. The aims of this research were to get more information about the composition of mortars and find any technical similarities between all these stylistically related works. Small samples were analyzed by OM, SEM-EDX and XRD. The results showed that Friedrich’s mortars were made by clean sand and lower quantity of lime, while the followers used lime and sand or lime and crushed marble or limerock with small quantity of sand. Variations were observed in the quantity of binder and cleanliness of aggregates, the form and colour of sand grains, as well as in the roughness of the surface.

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