The new groups of Formulated Limes (FL) of lime standard EN 459 – bane or boon?

Abstract eng:
Lime is the most commonly used binder for the preparation of mortars for restoration purposes. In the near future the reviewed EN 459 will standardise a new group of limes, the Formulated Limes (FL). Formulated Limes are limes with hydraulic properties mainly consisting of air lime (CL) and/or natural hydraulic lime (NHL) with added hydraulic and/or pozzolanic material. According to EN 459 the mixing of FL allows the blending CL or NHL with the following main constituents: Portland cement including Portland cement clinker, natural pozzolana, natural calcined pozzolana, limestone and/or granulated blast furnace slag. The available lime in FL in the form of Ca(OH)2 should be between 15 to 80% by mass, which means that vice versa, it is possible to prepare standardised limes with a huge amounts of natural and artificial hydraulic components. These FL allow a very dedicated mix design of mortars and plasters with custom-made properties though their interactions between historic substrates remain unpredictable.

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