Linseed oil was commonly used in ancient times as a protective treatment for building materials due to its ability to grant hydrophobic properties. It is an environmental [...]

This study investigates the engineering properties of composite geopolymer mortar manufactured by replacing the slag with metakaolin of 0, 30 and 70% by weight, together [...]

Investigations of renders on buildings of the temple Wat Mahathat in Ayutthaya showed that two different types of mortars have been applied. The original mortars from the [...]

The use of mortars for stone repair on historic masonry buildings and structures is becoming increasingly more prominent in Scotland; the negative impacts of climate chan [...]

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the behaviour of lime mortars in cold climates, namely by the effect of freeze/thaw cycles. Twelve compositions of mortars were p [...]

Mineral ore exploitation of the Lavreotike in southeast Attica reached its apogee in the 5th-4th centuries B.C. with silver revenues from the site contributing to the glo [...]

This contribution faces the problem of choosing, preparing and applying render mortars to be used in restoration and repair of historic buildings. The results obtained in [...]

Linseed oil was one of the most common natural organic additives used in ancient times. Nevertheless the mechanism and the technology, e.g. effects of different dosages, [...]

Salt damage is one of the major causes of render decay, not only near the sea but also in continental areas. These salts can appear in the walls from different sources: f [...]

A new fast-setting cement, called Roman cement, appeared recently in the market. To identify the possibilities of using it in the field of cultural heritage, it is import [...]

The effective design of a mortar for repairing masonry depends on a clear understanding of its function within masonry. The functions of mortar materials in masonry are c [...]

Properties of a molten slag and concrete containing the molten slag as a fine aggregate were investigated, which was emitted in Kure City in Hiroshima Prefecture. Water t [...]

For high durability and strength, decreasing of the water to binder ratio of cement is needed by using of fly ash, blast furnace slag as mineral admixture. And it is poin [...]

Lime coatings were originally used in historical buildings all across Europe and the rest of the globe, on lime plasters or directly on stone elements. Today, these coati [...]

To make a sustainable restoration of a historical centre it is necessary to understand, among other things, the materials used in the coatings of the buildings. In this w [...]

The aim of this work was to try to answer the basic question: are the different looking renders surface aspects related to differences in the behaviour of the render laye [...]

Gypsum was widely used in the production of composite materials in Cyprus in the past, due to its abundance on the island. However, the study of local historic gypsum mor [...]

In this paper, compressive strength, porosity and two “in situ” techniques (ultrasonic velocity and rebound hardness test) are used for the characterisation of mortar [...]

This paper presents historical and characterization studies undertaken to: a) clarify technical interpretation of lime-stucco and plasterwork by historic architectural tr [...]

Roman cement was patented in 1796 and used extensively throughout European architecture of the 19th and early 20th centuries before the domination of Portland cement and [...]

Utilization ratio of surplus soil from construction site is floundering recently and it is necessary to develop the newly application methods and technologies of surplus [...]

Self-compacting concretes are special concretes, highly flowable, which can flow into place under their own weight and compacted without any external vibration. In additi [...]

Lime-pozzolan mortars are often used for the restoration of historical buildings. Several studies have been developed in regards to the use of waste in construction mater [...]

Ancient mortars have proved to be durable and reliable materials even when submitted to severe conditions of salts and high humidity. This study intends to contribute to [...]

The city of Coimbra was the first capital of Portugal, in the 12th century. This city has archaeological remains from before the Roman time. The existing buildings predom [...]

Most lime mortars, for most uses, for most of history, were hot-mixed using quicklime. Lime mortars commonly used today, for conservation and repair, or for new build, te [...]

Lime plaster is one of the most used construction materials in historic monuments. It is used to reinforce the structures of buildings, protect them against alterations a [...]

This paper presents the XRD, XRF and porosimetry analyses and SEMEDX observations of nine mortars: three Egyptian plasters (New Kingdom, 15th 11th century BC) and six Mer [...]

Lime water, esters of silicic acid and plastics are common materials used for the conservation of historic mortars. Injection grouts containing cement or hydraulic lime a [...]

Experimental work has been carried out in order to describe the influence of hot mixing on the properties of hardened mortars in comparison with mortars made of lime hydr [...]

An important operation for the conservation of historical renders is the cohesion restitution of the binderaggregate system, based on the use of materials with consolidat [...]

A Walloon entrepreneur developed and patented Cimorné cement render at the beginning of the 1930s in Braine-l’Alleud (south of Brussels, Belgium). This peculiar façad [...]

A Walloon entrepreneur developed and patented Cimorné cement render at the beginning of the 1930s in Braine-l’Alleud (south of Brussels, Belgium). This peculiar façad [...]

Renders and plasters have been continuously used for covering the masonry walls of dwellings even from the Neolithic period. This paper focuses on the analysis and charac [...]

Loss of adhesion is one of the main forms of degradation of old renders; it can cause the separation of different render layers or the separation of the render and substr [...]

Applications of repair mortar mean that an additional heterogeneity is introduced to the system. Because of this the utilisation of identical material is a main objective [...]

Natural hydraulic lime specifications changed with the new version of standard EN 459-1: 2010 and a new Portuguese NHL3.5 appeared in the market. The characteristics of m [...]

Natural hydraulic lime specifications changed with the new version of standard EN 459-1: 2010 and a new Portuguese NHL3.5 appeared in the market. The characteristics of m [...]

The Modena area (Northern Italy) is characterised by many significant historical buildings that have been recently restored. The restoration works were important occasion [...]

When we approach the subject of construction and rehabilitation of buildings we necessarily must think about external wall coatings as they are the elements more exposed [...]

In the nineteenth century, Marseille was already an established industrial town and had a significant urban development. Its business provided it with a large amount of r [...]

In the centre and south of Portugal construction of buildings with earth was frequent until the mid-20th Century. Rammed earth was the most common type of construction in [...]

The Portuguese architectonic heritage is mostly composed of old buildings needing intervention, especially on exterior renders, plasters and finishes. Preventive and cons [...]

The estate villa Mahiédinne is a historical monument belonging to the municipality of Sidi M'Hamed (Wilaya of Algiers) which dates back to the Ottoman era. The field of [...]

Grouting of historical masonries has been a widely used technique for regaining their integrity or strengthening them. Since cement-based grouts proved very strong and in [...]

Consolidation is a conservation treatment with good potential to be applied to ancient renders, provided that the alterations in the properties of the original mortars re [...]

Tarsus, located in southern Anatolia (Asia Minor), was one of the important urban-centres of the Roman Province Cilicia. This paper aims to provide an extensive character [...]

The durability of some commercial ready mix mortars used for repair of historic masonry to salt crystallisation was studied using the salt crystallisation test produced b [...]

Roman cements were key materials for the economic and easy manufacture of render (stucco) for the exterior of buildings during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. [...]

This summary deals with repair or replacement of renders and plasters. Introducing design issues such as functional, technical, and performance requirements, and authenti [...]

This paper focuses on the design and reproduction of crushed brick/lime mortars for the repair of historic masonry. The research presented involves an analytical study of [...]

Lime–based mortars of adequate workability are used for repairing coating mortars on old masonry in historical buildings. The analysis of a great number of old plasters [...]