Lime coatings were originally used in historical buildings all across Europe and the rest of the globe, on lime plasters or directly on stone elements. Today, these coati [...]

Roman lime plaster floor, pavimentum, opus signinum, nucleus or pavimentum babaricum are synonyms for a composition flooring made of lime mortar with crushed bricks and c [...]

The use of mortars for stone repair on historic masonry buildings and structures is becoming increasingly more prominent in Scotland; the negative impacts of climate chan [...]

This paper builds on previous work investigating the flexural bond strength, initial shear strength and compressive strength of fired clay brickwork built using hydraulic [...]

In building conservation practice, there is some difficulty in formulating compatible mortars for use in renders and joints, due to requisites of low elastic modulus, suf [...]

In the French Alps, near Grenoble, in the middle of the 19th century, natural cements were massively used to produce “cast stone” (concrete block), to simulate natura [...]

Compatibility requirements for repair mortars used in restoration works are defined based on the original mortar characteristics, but the quality and the performance of t [...]

This paper focuses on the design and reproduction of crushed brick/lime mortars for the repair of historic masonry. The research presented involves an analytical study of [...]

This study aims to investigate the effect of sulfate salts to the deterioration mechanism and patterns observed in hydraulic mortars. Natural hydraulic lime (NHL) and lim [...]

The use of lime for the construction of buildings and monuments has a long tradition. Therefore, limebased materials are also predominantly used and often even required i [...]

The determination of adequate parameters for heat and moisture transport simulations of building materials is often regarded as difficult and time-consuming. Considering [...]

Linseed oil was one of the most common natural organic additives used in ancient times. Nevertheless the mechanism and the technology, e.g. effects of different dosages, [...]

Roman cement was patented in 1796 and used extensively throughout European architecture of the 19th and early 20th centuries before the domination of Portland cement and [...]

The effective design of a mortar for repairing masonry depends on a clear understanding of its function within masonry. The functions of mortar materials in masonry are c [...]

This paper deals with pore size distribution assessment in trabecular structure of human proximal femur. Two different approaches for estimation of histograms of pore siz [...]

Recent improvements of infrared thermography cameras allow detecting small defects and hygroscopic salts that are present under the surface of building heritage materials [...]

Linseed oil was commonly used in ancient times as a protective treatment for building materials due to its ability to grant hydrophobic properties. It is an environmental [...]

Simulation tools are increasingly used for assessment and design of buildings, also for architectural heritage. One specific type are so-called HAM (heat, air and moistur [...]

The GuerrieriPalace, now the Palazzo di Giustizia, built in 1550 is an important historical construction in the city of Mantova (Italy). Very characteristic is its tall m [...]

Gypsum was widely used in the production of composite materials in Cyprus in the past, due to its abundance on the island. However, the study of local historic gypsum mor [...]

The degree of weathering of rocks, quantitative evaluation and non-destructive detection, is the premise and the requirements of governance stone relics weathering diseas [...]

This paper presents part of the larger research project focused on developing a material characteristics database in conjunction with a comprehensive set of prescriptive [...]

Salt crystallization induces deterioration phenomena to masonry materials especially under favorable conditions which depend on a triple-fold system of factors: the salts [...]

Various binding materials have been used worldwide, across different pre-historic and historic periods, to meet several construction applications. Lime has historically b [...]

The plasters of the 16th century Cavallerizza Courtyard in the Ducal Palace in Mantua (Italy) were designed to imitate natural stones (rustication work, carved marble, et [...]

To prevent or repair from natural and anthropogenic weathering, protective layers can be applied to improve hardness of stones and earthen surfaces, to increase their int [...]

Roman cements were key materials for the economic and easy manufacture of render (stucco) for the exterior of buildings during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. [...]

Mortars developed for the reconstitution and plastic repair of natural stones have become increasingly more popular. They make a good alternative for the replacement of d [...]

Limestone calcination and the technology of quicklime production has an influence on the slaking reactivity of lime. The slaking consequently can be an indicator of the q [...]

Frost is one of the main degradation processes affecting historic buildings in cold environments. Lime mortar is particularly sensitive to degradation by freeze-thaw cycl [...]

Neoclassical “stucco” decorations were added in 1840 to the 14th century church of San Francesco in Fano (Italy) in order to decorate its interior, but, as a conseque [...]

This summary deals with repair or replacement of renders and plasters. Introducing design issues such as functional, technical, and performance requirements, and authenti [...]

Earth constructions are susceptible to degradation due to natural or human causes. The degradation of the exterior surface of earth walls is very common, either due to la [...]

The treatment of rising damp in historic building walls is very complex due to the thickness and heterogeneity of the walls. Some techniques, such as watertight barriers, [...]

This research is related with the salt weathering of the base rocks. At stone monuments and base rocks, slide, freeze damage, biodeterioration, have occured, and especial [...]

The durability of some commercial ready mix mortars used for repair of historic masonry to salt crystallisation was studied using the salt crystallisation test produced b [...]

This study rises from the perplexity about the adoption of standardized methods for the evaluation of mortar behaviour towards water. Standards are often not very specifi [...]

Salt damage is one of the major causes of render decay, not only near the sea but also in continental areas. These salts can appear in the walls from different sources: f [...]

A new fast-setting cement, called Roman cement, appeared recently in the market. To identify the possibilities of using it in the field of cultural heritage, it is import [...]

Salt crystallization is a common cause of decay for mortars used in historical buildings. This paper describes the influence of mortars composition on their salt crystall [...]