The present work focuses on gypsum mortar manufactured in traditional kilns and used historically as exterior rendering. A documentation survey has been carried out follo [...]

The old town of Bar (Montenegro) was a Byzantine settlement rebuilt on the remains of a more ancient town destroyed in the 3rd century during the Roman invasion of Dalmat [...]

The concept of protecting historical buildings emerged because historical buildings carry the architectural, historical, cultural, social, artistic and aesthetic values w [...]

Sophisticated analysing proceedings have been used in the past to assess the composition of hardened mortars. Chemical and mechanical tests combined with microscopic inve [...]

Tophane-i Amire, which was built immediately between the years of 1453-1470, after the conquest of Istanbul, is the first cannon foundry of Ottoman era. However, its esse [...]

The earthen architecture has evolved through generations using local materials. The earthen material has proven its validity in time and its efficiency in the architectur [...]

In the Algerian traditional and historical architecture, there is a variety of mortars which were used as: jointing mortar and finishing mortar. We found out that they we [...]