Shadowing and Group Effects for Piles During Earthquake-Induced Lateral Spreading

Abstract eng:
A series of one-g shake-table experiments using a large rigid wall soil container was conducted to investigate countermeasures for piles in liquefying ground stratum. Special attention was given to lateral load on piles and pile group and shadowing effects under lateral spreading conditions. It was found that lateral spreading load on individual piles was a function of pile location in the pile group. Lateral load on an individual pile in the same row was only about 50% of that on a single pile due to the group effect. The shadowing effect reduced lateral load on the trailing pile by about 60%. These group and shadowing effects can be employed to design countermeasures for piles against liquefaction-induced lateral spreading. Additional protective piles may be installed in front of or at the sides of main pile foundations to reduce liquefaction-induced lateral loads.

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