Lessons Learnt from Shelter Actions and Reconstruction of Bam after the Destructive Earthquake of December 26, 2003

Abstract eng:
In this paper, the issues of temporary shelters and reconstruction are considered from three points of view: 1) Government involvement, 2) Community contribution, and 3) International community participation. The role of management in coordination of activities of all sectors contributing in temporary actions as well as reconstruction activities is thoroughly investigated and its weakness and strengths are discussed. The development of temporary and permanent shelters is addressed in various aspects. The first is the technical aspect to find out how appropriate the shelters have been reconstructed to resist the future earthquakes. The second aspect deals with the social and cultural characteristics of the city and its people, and the degree that the architectural features could match the local culture in the recovered area. Issues such as adaptability of people with the new situation and their resilience are also discussed. The last aspect is with regard to economical issues and how they have influenced the livelihoods of affected people. At the end, based on the lessons learnt, some recommendations are made which are believed to be useful for preparing the plans for the shelter actions as well as the reconstruction process for future similar cases.

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