Guidelines for Design of Temporary Shelters after Earthquakes Based on Community Participation

Abstract eng:
Of the three kinds of shelters required after the occurrence of a destructive earthquake in a populated area, namely emergency shelters, temporary shelters, and permanent shelters, architectural design of the 2nd group is problematic. In fact, temporary shelters do not need to follow the permanent housing standards on the one hand, since they are not permanent and should be demolished after a year or so, but on the other hand, they should provide the residents with some minimum living standards requirements, of which some are exactly same as the permanent housing. Therefore, architectural design of temporary shelters needs special attention. In this paper some guidelines are proposed for design of temporary shelters form architectural, and to some extent, urban design points of view. The type of spatial setting (linear, central, and hybrid) of shelters, the situation of neighboring textures (regarding the orientation and form considerations), and access ways are among the issues which are discussed. Other issues which are taken into consideration are: type of materials, internal setting of spaces by consideration of behavioral patterns of the stricken community, the location of open areas, and the users expectations. Two major issues in the proposed guidelines are firstly, the community participation, by which some ownership feeling can be created in the stricken people, and secondly, the possibility of changing the temporary shelter to the permanent housing or working space by some simple changes. This last issue needs creative and innovative architectural and structural designs which are also discussed to some extent.

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