Tsunami Force on Bridge Models and Force Reductions by Mangrove Models

Abstract eng:
The fourth largest earthquake in the world since 1900 has happened on December 26, 2004, at 00:58:53 UTC (or 07:58:53 local time), off the west coast of Northern Sumatra, Indonesia. In a quick response to the disaster, a Japanese group of researchers led by the second author departed to Banda Aceh and surrounding areas in an attempt to study the lessons. One of the bridges surveyed was Ulee Lheue Bridge in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The bridge is still functioning although some damages were clearly spotted. The bridge is located close to the coast where the tsunami height was estimated as 12 meter. The bridge was survived but displaced 35 cm to the upstream direction. Other bridges surveyed in nearby areas showed similar damages or being washed away. In order to understand the tsunami force on bridges, experimental tests were carried out to measure the hydrodynamic force. The effect of mangrove models to the force reduction was also studied. The parameters were mangrove’s flexibility, height, thickness, and density. One results show that mangroves are effective in reducing tsunami force when the height is more than the tsunami flow height.

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