Kashmir Earthquake of October 8, 2005: Field Observations and Study of Current Seismic Provisions for Buildings in Pakistan

Abstract eng:
On the morning of the 8th October 2005 a Magnitude 7.6 earthquake occurred in Pakistan at the foothills of the Himalayas. Over 80,000 people were killed in the event. The violent ground shaking triggered many land slides and caused damage to more than 450,000 buildings. Following the event, the authors participated in the Earthquake Engineering Field Investigation Team (EEFIT, part of the UK Institution of Structural Engineers) field mission. The authors spent 10 days in the field surveying the damage to buildings and lifelines in North Western Frontier Province and Pakistan Administered Kashmir. This paper first presents observations of physical damage to reinforced concrete and masonry buildings observed by the authors in Pakistan. A study of the current seismic design provisions for Pakistan is also presented together with a critical assessment of the seismic hazard maps for Pakistan. Comparisons are made with provisions in the US and Europe and recommendations made for the future improvement of the Pakistan seismic code.

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