Seismic Response Evaluation at the Site of Five-Storey Stone Pagoda Damaged by 1936 Ssang-Gye-Sa M 5.0 Earthquake in Moderate Seismicity Region, Korea

Abstract eng:
An earthquake of magnitude 5.0 occurred at a Buddhist temple, Ssang-gye-sa, located near the southern border of the Korean peninsula on 4 July 1936. It resulted in severe damage of several buildings and structures in Ssang-gye-sa, which lie in a mountain valley. Particularly, the top component of a five-storey stone pagoda in the temple was tipped over and fell down during the earthquake. In order to estimate the intensity of the 1936 Ssang-gye-sa earthquake from the pagoda damage, intensive site investigations including borehole drillings and seismic tests such as crosshole test and SASW were performed in the temple area. Based on the site characteristics, site-specific seismic response analyses using various input motions were conducted in the pagoda site by means of both equivalent-linear and nonlinear one-dimensional schemes with six input rock outcrop acceleration levels ranging from 0.044g to 0.220g. The resultant site-specific responses indicated the amplified ground motions in the short-period band, particularly near the site period of the pagoda site, which can be recognized as the seismic site characteristics in the mountain or hilly area. The intensity of the 1936 earthquake, especially for the pagoda site, considering the site effects was quantitatively evaluated by combining between the site responses analysis results in this study and the full-scaled seismic pagoda model test in the prior study.

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