On drop induced vortex ring and its related oscillation parameter

Abstract eng:
Sammar_y Drop oscillation has long since been considered as the possible parameter to influence the penetration depth of vortex rings. However, for the simplicity, the conventional knowledge about drop oscillation on drop impact is restricted only on the 2nd mode without higher modes. Here, we demonstrated that this neglect has caused the contradictory ambiguity about the oscillation effect on transport phenomena over hundred years. In fact, instead of theoretically complex nonlinear expressions, a combination of both 2nd and 3rd oscillation modes are enough to describe the general characteristics of drop oscillation in practice and also are necessary to explain its induced outcomes. We therefore derive a theoretical prediction for ring penetration so as to highlight a quantitative design guideline for efficient transportation and mixing across free liquid surface.

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