Effect of an applied force on ripple formation of free graphene ribbons

Abstract eng:
One phenomenological expression for self-rippling energy is used to study the effect of an applied force on ripple formation of otherwise free-standing graphene ribbons. The two coefficients of the used expression depend on specific mechanism of self-rippling and can be determined based on observed wavelength and amplitude of ripple mode. Thus the obtained model is challenged by detailed comparison of its predictions with some known data available in literature. The present model predicts that the rippling can be controlled or even suppressed with an applied tensile force, or collapsed into narrow wrinkles (of deformed wavelengths down to around 2 nm) under an applied compressive force. In particular, the estimated minimum tensile strain to eliminate rippling is about 0.06-0.26%, in remarkable agreement with known data (0.25%-0.4%).

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