Experimental and theoretical study about depth-dependent drag force in granular matter

Abstract eng:
A material testing machine was used to experimentally measure the quasistatic force acting on the bottom of cylinders that slowly and continuously move along its symmetric axis downwards into a granular medium. By utilizing different cylinders to plunge into different granular materials, we demonstrate that the normalized average pressure [pu ] acting on the cylinder’s bottom linearly increases with the penetration depth, while the linear scale-factor kh just depends on the internal friction angle of the granular material. To theoretically figure this out, we employ Prandtl’s Slip-Line(PSL) theory to analyze the stress field of the plastic region involved in the granular matter. The theoretical model also suggests that [pu ] should be linearly related to the penetration depth, and kh can be computed theoretically. Good agreement between the computed values and the experimental results of kh sheds light on the way of the continuum description for the granular material behaviours.

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