Solid-fluid transition and ripple in vertically vibrated thicker granular layer

Abstract eng:
Collapse of the structure and the resultant flows in granular materials due to vertical oscillation are investigated. A thinner layer of granular material exhibits bending oscillation similar to an elastic plate, or undulation, over a certain range of forcing magnitude, where relative positions of the constituent particles remain within a distance of its diameter. With the increase of forcing magnitude, the structure of the material no longer holds, and the fluid-like behavior characterized by the surface wave, or ripple, appears. In a thicker granular layer, both the fluid-like and solid-like states coexist, whose regions change spatiotemporally. The upper part of the layer is relevant to ripple formation, whereas the lower part remains immobilized and transmits the momentum from the container bottom. Dependences of the above-mentioned solid-fluid transition and the flow characteristics on the magnitude of forcing and the layer thickness are elucidated.

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