Scaling relationships describing microfluidic acoustic nozzles for 3D-printing (INVITED)

Abstract eng:
Acoustic forces are an attractive pathway to achieve directed assembly for two-phase materials via additive processes. On one hand, they can be used to align and consolidate particles in uncured matrices to effectively print composites in three dimensions. On the other hand, they can be used with traditional self-assembly to create hierarchical assembly techniques in which chemically-assembled 'meso-particles' (e. g., each consisting of multiple nanoscale particles) are aggregated at much faster time scales than those associated with diffiision. We present key scaling relationships controlling the time for aggregation and alignment of particles, which can be used to identify acceptable levels of acoustic excitation and the required dimensions for focusing regions. The results are used to predict optimal combinations of these parameters that lead

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