Giant Anelasticity and Energy Dissipation in Single-Crystalline Nanowires (INVITED)

Abstract eng:
Anelastic materials exhibit gradual full recovery of deformation once a load is removed. At macroscopic scale, however, anelaticity is usually very small or negligible. Here we show that single-crystalline ZnO can exhibit anelastic behaviour that is up to four orders of magnitude larger than the largest anelasticity observed in bulk materials, with a time-scale in the order of minutes. In—situ SEM tests of individual NWs showed that, upon removal of the bending load and instantaneous recovery of the elastic strain, a substantial portion of the total strain gradually recovers with time. We attribute the observed large anelasticity to stress-gradient-induced migration of point defects, as supported by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements, analytical modeling and also by the fact that no anelastic behaviour could be observed under tension. Finally, we show that ZnO NWs exhibit a high damping merit index, suggesting NWs with point defects are promising for damping applications.

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