Large-eddy simulations of flow around a high-rise building: Validation and sensitivity analysis on turbulent statistics

Abstract eng:
In this study, we conducted large-eddy simulations (LESs) for a flow field around an isolated building model to clarify the influence of computational conditions on turbulent statistics. Appropriate LES guidelines for a built-up environment are being established by the working group of the Architectural Institute of Japan. We performed a cross comparison study by examining both experimental and LES results for various computational grid arrangements, sub-grid scale (SGS) turbulence models, spatial derivation schemes for the convection term, and convergence criterion for a coupling algorithm for flow and pressure fields. Through this study, we accumulated basic data that can be used to provide LES guidelines for predicting the pedestrian wind environment. INTRODUCTION Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is widely used for predicting the urban wind environment. Several best practice guidelines have been proposed as verification and validation processes for CFD. A group of European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) compiled a set of specific recommendations for the use of CFD based on a detailed review of the literature, and discussed the quality assurance of the CFD results [1,2]. In a working group of the Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ), extensive cross comparisons were conducted between CFD simulation results and high-quality wind-tunnel experiments to develop guidelines [3,4]. These guidelines focus on a steady-state simulation with the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) model. However, in recent years, increasing access to computing power has led to the prediction of flow fields using large-eddy simulation (LES). These LESs have been mainly conducted by experts of CFD with sophisticated computational conditions, which yields good results with respect to effectively removing computational errors. Tamura et al. [5] discussed the applicability of LES to wind-resistant design and

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