The severity of seismic damage to buildings is usually defined by assigning a damage degree to the main structural elements, such as columns, beams or load-bearing walls. [...]

A recent challenge for seismic damage evaluation, which forms the basis of risk management for reducing the death toll in damaged buildings, is expanding the technical ca [...]

We learned from the 1995 Hanshin Awaji earthquake that most of the death toll arisen from many vulnerable wooden houses collapsed by seismic ground motions and seismic st [...]