The confined masonry structure consists of load bearing walls strengthened with nominally reinforced concrete elements at the perimeter and other key locations. The confi [...]

The rapid urbanization has led to construction activities that often ignore long-term concerns of safety in extreme natural events such as earthquakes. These vulnerable s [...]

Strengthening of masonry infills is essential to mitigate their brittle failure especially in the out-of-plane direction during earthquakes. Light weight composite materi [...]