The equivalent force control (EFC) method has been developed for real-time substructure testing (RSTing) with implicit integration to replace the numerical iterative proc [...]

This paper studies the stability of the central difference method (CDM) for real-time substructure test considering specimen mass. To obtain correct reaction inertia forc [...]

Buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) are widely used seismic response-controlling members with excellent energy dissipation capacity without buckling at design deformation. [...]

This paper introduces a scheme to retrofit seismically deficient reinforced concrete (RC) columns or piers with square section is proposed that using prestressed steel pl [...]