More than 15 years of metro operation in Shanghai shows that longitudinal differential settlements of shield tunnel could occur in soft ground due to various factors. As [...]

This paper assesses the performance of subset simulation by applying it to a simple reliability problem which involves two statistically independent random variables, i.e [...]

Both physical modeling and analytical studies have shown that the non-homogeneous ground has a significant impact on the magnitude and distribution of lining stress. Besi [...]