<Riemann problem at a junction; Demand and Supply functions; diverging junction; merging junction; stop-and-go waves>

The South China Sea (SCS) is recognized as an area at high risk of tsunamis. The Manila Trench has long been considered as the regional source of tsunamis that might affe [...]

In the common engineering network system, the transformation of the working state, from safety to failure, of unit and system is gradual. There is an intermediate state b [...]